1, the network is super-critical or excitation dominated. Right: The 1/f exponent quantifies aperiodic activity beneath oscillatory peaks. Credit: Adapted from The Journal of Neuroscience (2026). DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1414-25.2026; left panel originally from Bruining et al (2020), Scientific Reports, CC BY 4.0.”
Characterizing brain signals using functional excitation–inhibition ratio (fE/I) and 1/f exponent. Left:…