Two months later, he published the 165-page essay “Situational Awareness,” which quickly became required reading in Silicon Valley. In it, he argued that artificial general intelligence would arrive much sooner than most investors expected, and that the real winners would not be consumer AI applications but the unglamorous pieces of infrastructure powering them: chips, memory, data centers, electricity, cooling, and networking. Software, by contrast, would become commoditized.
By the end…

